Section 531 is the repeal clause of the BNSS — a standard legislative provision placed at the end of the new enactment to formally replace the predecessor law. It repeals CrPC 1973 while preserving the validity of actions already taken and proceedings already initiated under CrPC through transitional 'savings' provisions.

1. 1 Pick up BNSS 2023.
2. 2 Go to the very last section (repeal clauses are always at the end).
3. 3 Section 531 → 'Repeal of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.' ✓
4. 4 Sections 2, 5, 101 are early sections dealing with definitions/jurisdiction.

The text reads: Section 531 BNSS: The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 is hereby repealed.