Which word is inserted in Section 22 of the BSA that was not present in Section 24 of the Evidence Act?
Explanation & Strategy
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The old Evidence Act Section 24 made confessions inadmissible if obtained through 'inducement, threat, or promise' — three grounds. BSA Section 22 adds a fourth ground: 'coercion'. This is significant because coercion covers physical and psychological pressure that may not neatly fit into 'threat' or 'inducement'. The addition reflects modern understanding of how confessions can be extracted through various forms of pressure, including custodial coercion that doesn't involve explicit threats.
BSA S.22 adds 'coercion' as a fourth ground for excluding confessions, expanding protections beyond the Evidence Act's three grounds of inducement, threat, and promise.