In which case was a registered society held to be an "authority" for the purpose of Article 12?
Explanation & Strategy
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The Supreme Court in Ajay Hasia vs. Khalid Mujib (1981) expanded the meaning of 'other authorities' under Article 12 by applying a functional test — if a body is substantially financed, controlled by, or performs public functions on behalf of the Government, it qualifies as 'State', even if it is a registered society.
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