In the absence of an agreement between the parties, the arbitration proceedings are said to have commenced under Section 21 of The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 :
Explanation & Strategy
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Under Section 21(3) of the Arbitration Act, in the absence of agreement between parties on commencement date, arbitral proceedings are deemed to have commenced on the date the RESPONDENT receives the request for arbitration (request for reference). Not the appointment date, not the agreement date, not the notice date.